Web Survey Bibliography
This paper examines response times (RT) to survey questions. Cognitive psychologists have long relied on response times to study cognitive processes but response time data have only recently received attention from survey researchers. To date, most of the studies on response times in surveys have treated response times either as a predictor or as a proxy measure for some other variable (e.g. attitude accessibility) of greater interest. As a result, response times have not been the main focus of the research. Focusing on the nature and determinants of response times, this paper examines variables that affect how long it takes respondents to answer questions in web surveys. Using the survey response model proposed by Tourangeau, Rips, and Rasinski (2000), we include both item-level characteristics and respondent-level characteristics thought to affect response times in a two-level cross-classified model. Much of the time spent on processing the questions involves reading and interpreting them. The results from the cross-classified models indicate that response times are affected by question characteristics such as the total number of clauses and the number of words per clause that probably reflect reading times. In addition, response times are also affected by the number and type of answer categories, and the location of the question within the questionnaire, as well as respondent characteristics such as age, education and experience with the Internet and with completing web surveys. Aside from their fixed effects on response times, respondent-level characteristics (such as age) are shown to vary randomly over questions and effects of question-level characteristics (such as types of questions and response scales) vary randomly over respondents.
InterScience (abstract)
Web survey bibliography (4086)
- Using global online panels; 2008; Pearson, C., Smith, E., Ridlen, R., Zhang, H., Cooper, A
- The quest for on-line quality research; 2008; Rhall, T., Fine, B.
- Visual Design Effects on on Respondents Behaviour in Web-Surveys. A Design Experiment; 2008; Greinoecker, A.
- Effects of Privacy Assurances on the Online Measurement of Psychological Constructs; 2008; Witzki, A., Kramer, J.
- How Web 2.0 Technologies Can Become a Valuable Part of Online Research; 2008; Jaron, R.
- Respondent Authenticity - A biometrical approach to authenticate panelists; 2008; Wachter, B., Bender, C.
- Not Mixed-Mode but Switch-Mode; 2008; Höglinger, M., Abraham, M., Arpagaus, J.
- The Impact of Cognitive and Computer Skills on Data Quality in Computer Assisted Self Administered Questionnaires...; 2008; Brecko, B. N., Vehovar, V.
- Optimal Contact Strategy in a Mail-and-Web Mixed Mode Survey; 2008; Holmberg, A., Lorenc, B., Werner, P.
- 10 Years of Meinungsplatz.de: Success in the Collection of Data for Targeted Audiences, Such as the...; 2008; Weyergraf, O.
- Self-selection in Online Access Panels: No “Little Difference” in the Recruiting Process...; 2008; Wirth, T.
- Mobile Market Research; 2008; Maxl, E.
- Online vs. Offline in Mobile Surveys; 2008; Neubarth, W., Maier, U.
- Gender-of-Interviewer Effects in Video-Enhanced Web Surveys. Results from a Randomized Field-Experiment...; 2008; Fuchs, M.
- The Online Use of Randomized Response Measurements; 2008; Snijders, C., Weesie, J.
- The Influence of Human Cues on Drop-out and Answer Behaviour within Web Surveys; 2008; Oesterlau, T., Geißler, H.
- “For Example…,” How Different Example Types in Online Surveys Influence Frequency...; 2008; Berent, M., Krosnick, J. A.
- How Too Little Can Give You a Little Too Much: Determining the Number of Household Phone Lines in RDD...; 2008; Merkle, D., Langer, G.
- Learning and fatigue during choice experiments: a comparison of online and mail survey modes; 2008; Savage, S. J., Waldman, D. M.
- Avoiding Massive Automated Voting in Internet Polls ; 2008; Basso, A., Miraglia, M.
- Internet surveys; 2008; Vehovar, V., Lozar Manfreda, K., Koren, G.
- Reasons for nonresponse in a web-based survey of alcohol involvement among first-year college students...; 2008; Cranford, J. A., McCabe, S. E., Boyd, C. J., Slayden, J., Reed, M. B., Lange, J. E., Scott, M. S.
- The influence of mobile telephones on telephone surveys; 2008; Kuusela, V., Callegaro, M., Vehovar, V.
- Telephone and Web: Mixed-Mode Challenge ; 2008; Greene, J., Speizer, H., Wiitala, W.
- Fast times and easy questions: the effects of age, experience and question complexity on web survey...; 2008; Yan, T., Tourangeau, R.
- Mixed Methods Sampling; A Typology With Examples; 2007; Teddie, C.; Yu, F.
- Web Application Stress Testing and Blaise IS; 2007; O'Reilly, J. M.
- Analyses of Web Survey Data; 2007; Kuusela, V.
- Cognitive aspects of survey methodology; 2007; Schwarz, N.
- Panel Quality: Tips to Achieve Pure Sample, from Recruitment to Long-Term Engagement; 2007; Fitzgerald, D.
- Non-Response in the Panel Study of Belgian Households (1992-2002): An Output and Process Evaluation; 2007; De Keulenaer, F.
- Sensitive questions in surveys; 2007; Tourangeau, R., Yan, T.
- Webmasters, web policies, and academic libraries: a survey; 2007; Hendricks, A.
- Toward a Definition of Mixed Methods Research; 2007; Johnson, R. B., Onwuegbuzie, A. J., Turner, L. A.
- Sample bias, weights and efficiency of weights in a continuous web voluntary survey; 2007; de Pedraza, P., Tijdens, K., de Bustillo, R.
- What is Sexual Harassment? It Depends on Who Asks! Framing Effects on Survey Responses; 2007; Galesic, M., Tourangeau, R.
- Mixing modes of data collection in surveys: A methodological review; 2007; Roberts, C.
- Differences between respondents and nonrespondents in an Internet survey recruited from face-to-face...; 2007; Bandilla, W., Blohm, M., Kaczmirek, L. & Neubarth, W.
- XSight and the shaping of Marketing Analytics; 2007; Birks, D. F.
- Whither statistical metadata?; 2007; Westlake, A.
- Web survey design; 2007; Ma, Q., McCord, M.
- Web survey and representativeness: Close to three in ten Canadians do not have access to the Internet...; 2007; Bourque, C., Lafrance, S.
- Video mediated communication: Implications for surveys; 2007; Anderson, A. H.
- Utopia - a complete research management system; 2007; Brandwood, T.
- Triple-S: The broader horizon; 2007; Wright, Ge.
- The use of seasonal adjustment software within the Office for National Statistics; 2007; Hussain, F., McLaren, C. H., Stuttard, N.
- The Internet audience. Constitution & measurement; 2007; Bermejo, F.
- The influence of advance letters on response in telephone surveys; 2007; de Leeuw, E. D., Callegaro, M., Hox, J., Korendijk, E., Lensvelt-Mulders, G. J.
- The impact of cookie deletion on the accuracy of site-server and ad-server metrics: An empirical comScore...; 2007; Abraham, Ma., Meierhoefer, C., Lipsman, A.
- The challenge of geocoding large-scale travel surveys; 2007; J.Smith, A. J.